The Silver-cheeked Pufferfish in the Adriatic: A Threat to Humans and the Fishing Industry
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The Silver-cheeked Pufferfish in the Adriatic: A Threat to Humans and the Fishing Industry
In recent years, the silver-cheeked pufferfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus) has been sighted more and more frequently in Italian waters, including the Adriatic Sea. Native to the Indo-Pacific region, this species has reached the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal, becoming one of the most problematic invasive fish species in the area.
Presence in Italy and the Adriatic Sea
Reports of silver-cheeked pufferfish in Italian waters are increasing, particularly along the southern coasts and now gradually moving northward. The Adriatic Sea, with its rising temperatures, provides a favourable environment for this tropical species, which seems to be adapting rapidly.
Is It a Problem for the Ecosystem?
Yes, the presence of Lagocephalus sceleratus is a threat to the Mediterranean marine ecosystem. As a voracious predator, it can disrupt the food chain by preying on native species, competing with local fish and reducing biodiversity. In addition, its proliferation poses a serious risk to fishing activities: it damages fishing nets with its strong beak and often destroys catches by biting through hooks and lines.
Why Is the Silver-cheeked Pufferfish Poisonous?
The silver-cheeked pufferfish is highly toxic to humans due to the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a powerful neurotoxin concentrated especially in the liver, gonads, skin and intestines. Tetrodotoxin is up to 1,200 times more toxic than cyanide and there is currently no known antidote.
First Symptoms of Tetrodotoxin Poisoning
Accidental consumption of the fish can cause very serious health consequences. The symptoms of tetrodotoxin poisoning generally appear within 30 minutes to 3 hours of ingestion and include:
- Numbness of the lips and tongue
- Dizziness and nausea
- Difficulty breathing
- Muscle paralysis
- In severe cases, respiratory arrest and death
Immediate hospital treatment is essential to manage symptoms and support the patient, but prevention remains the only truly effective method: never consume unfamiliar fish, especially if caught in unverified areas. The silver-cheeked pufferfish is not only a danger to human health but also to the balance of the marine environment and the economic sustainability of the Italian fishing sector. Raising awareness and educating both consumers and fishermen is key to preventing poisoning and limiting the spread of this invasive species.
